"My proudest moment was the number Reviewing the Situation. The star was nominated for the best actor Oscar in 1968 for his. "Sir Carol Reed's Oliver! [5], For the BBC TV serial, Melvyn Hayes portrayed the character, which is considered to be very faithful to the book's original depiction of him. Ron Moody, the actor who played Fagin in the movie "Oliver!," has died at the age of 91. . The voice was provided by musician Billy Joel. "[15], At his death in 2015, The Forward said that Moody succeeded in transforming "a viciously anti-Semitic literary portrait into a joyous musical onscreen image."[4]. ", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fagin&oldid=1150685383, This page was last edited on 19 April 2023, at 15:11. Sikes runs off with Oliver, using him as a hostage. OK, everyone! said Lorin Latarro, the choreographer of the show, a new staging of Oliver!, the Lionel Bart musical opening at City Center on Wednesdayfor a two-week runas part of the Encores! It rarely stops moving and it has the touch of melodramatic excitement a prancing musical film which by reason of its stagecraft and performance is more exhilarating than it was on the stage, better rounded in its 'free' adaptation. Oliver Twist and Fagin also appeared. Fagin. Ron Moody. Upon learning the truth about Fagin's crimes, Oliver reluctantly goes along with his new master's orders. Where does Oliver Wake Up in the movie Oliver? Its this really bouncy song, deBessonet said, but the actual lyrics are: Which well throw him down and feed him on cockroaches. But while writing a thesis, he performed in a musical comedy revue and was asked afterward if he would care to pursue such a thing for a living. Pryce used a patched red and brown coat, while Lindsay used the traditional dark green overcoat seen in the 1968 film version. So you all jump back like No way!. Mr. Moody did not travel with the show to New York in its original incarnation in 1963, but he was nominated for an Academy Award for his performance in Carol Reeds 1968 screen adaptation of the musical, and he appeared in stage productions of the show in Los Angeles and San Francisco in 1973, and in a short-lived Broadway revival in 1984. Moody's performance as the character is often considered the most critically acclaimed. "[14][11], In 1865, in Our Mutual Friend, Dickens created a number of Jewish characters, the most important being Mr Riah, an elderly Jew who finds jobs for downcast young women in Jewish-owned factories. Moody wrote a novel, The Devil You Don't, which was published by Robson Books, London, in 1980. VideoThe secret mine that hid the Nazis' stolen treasure, LGBT troops take love for Eurovision to front line, Why an Indian comedian is challenging fake news rules. Bart's musical also deletes Fagin's arrest and the musical ends with Fagin, faced with beginning again, pondering the possibility of going straight. The character of Adric in the science-fiction TV series Doctor Who was originally envisioned as an Artful Dodger-style character. Even though the Fagin of the Bart musical is more of a lovable curmudgeon than the child-exploiting criminal in the Dickens novel, deBessonet and Esparza said that they wanted the audience to remain cognizant of the less-savory context of his mentorship. Cast change for West End's Oliver! as Griff Rhys Jones takes over as Fagin has been released worldwide on DVD by Columbia Tristar Home Entertainment and its successor Sony Pictures Home Entertainment. During the last major production of "Oliver!" in London's West End in 1994, actor Jonathan Pryce deliberately downplayed Fagin's Jewishness and says he was even criticized for not portraying. However he cannot escape the 'ghost' of Fagin, who still guides his actions, even past the grave. He was voiced by Steven Kynman. Andrzej Blumenfeld. [5] He reprised his role as Fagin in the 1983 Channel 4 television programme The Other Side of London,[7] and again at the 1985 Royal Variety Performance in Theatre Royal, Drury Lane before Queen Elizabeth II and the Duke of Edinburgh.[8]. Oliver!, based on the Charles Dickens novel Oliver Twist, is the story of an orphans search for belonging in that band of young pickpockets in 1830s London. [10]. Fagin had been described as a Jew, he explained, because it unfortunately was true of the time to which that story refers, that that class of criminal almost invariably was a Jew. Ron Moody - Wikipedia In the book Oliver Twist, Fagin is convicted and hung. [20], In the 2003 film Twist, the Artful Dodger is called Dodge and is played by Nick Stahl. He played French entertainer and mime artist The Great Orlando in the 1963 Cliff Richard film Summer Holiday. [25], In the late 2015 BBC series Dickensian, the Artful Dodger is portrayed by Wilson Radjou-Pujalte. In 2017, a poll of 150 actors, directors, writers, producers and critics for Time Out magazine ranked it the 69th-best British film ever.[2]. Portrayed as repulsive, criminal, and narcissistic and frequently referred to by the narrator as "the Jew," the character drew a great deal of comment. Oliver! turns 50: What happened to Shani Wallis who played Nancy? - Express Dodger: Meet the cast and creators of CBBC's Victorian adventure Throughout his career, he played a variety of roles - small parts in British and American TV shows. He meets the Artful Dodger, who takes him under his wing (Consider Yourself). Ronald France. ", Silver Screen Collection, via Getty Images, Ron Moody in 1980 with his first published novel, "The Devil You Don't. It's got bite and malice along with romance and humor." Artful Dodger - Wikipedia Speaking about the making of the film to The Guardian in 2012, Moody said he never expected to reprise his role because there had been "backstage hostilities" on the stage production. The Artful Dodger is characterised as a child who acts like an adult. Actor Ron Moody, who played Fagin in the hit film version of Oliver!, has died aged 91. Ron Moody, who has died aged 91, saw himself not as a great comic actor - above all as Fagin in Lionel Bart's Oliver! The actor first played the part in the stage production of Lionel Bart's musical in both the West End and on Broadway, before making the movie. It was the part of a lifetime," he said. transforms Charles Dickens muckraking novel into a jaunty musical Victorian fairytale, buoyed by Ron Moodys charming star turn and Onna Whites rapturous choreography. Argentine football player and 1986 FIFA World Cup winning captain Diego Maradona was frequently referred to as the Artful Dodger due to his cunning personality and ability to get away with fouls, such as disguising the illegal use of his hand, as he infamously did when scoring with the "Hand of God". This time when Nancy asked, all nine pickpockets sprung back as though they had just realized they were standing on the third rail. When Oliver! It was 10 a.m. on a recent morning in a rehearsal room at New York City Center, and nine boys scurried around the space, clutching parasols of red and white lace, tin cups andjaunty pocket squares. In fact, neither deBessonet, nor any of the five main cast members except for Benjamin Pajak (The Music Man), who plays Oliver, had ever seen a live performance of the show. Moody later stated: "Fate destined me to play Fagin. Fagin yet again abandons the wounded boy and flees. film editor Casting By Jenia Reissar . Bill Sikes - Wikipedia And 20 additional performers, allNew York City public school students, will join the company onstage for Consider Yourself, the boys full-voiced embrace of Oliver into their ranks the first true family he has known. Some actors don't like to be defined by one role, but Ron Moody didn't mind. [8], Others to have played the role in amateur productions include Adam Levine, Ben Elton, Robbie Williams, Joe Jonas, Claire Josefson, and Hayley Smith.[9][10]. He was a snub-nosed, flat-browed, common-faced boy enough; and as dirty a juvenile as one would wish to see; but he had about him all the airs and manners of a man. But Mutu knew he didnt want to play a one-note villain. Would you risk the drop? he sang, his eyes bugging as he grabbed his scarf and mimed a noose tightening around his neck. His hat was stuck on the top of his head so lightly, that it threatened to fall off every momentand would have done so, very often, if the wearer had not had a knack of every now and then giving his head a sudden twitch, which brought it back to its old place again. Ron Moody: "Oliver! [27], In the film Twist (2003), a film also loosely based on Dickens' Oliver Twist, Fagin is played by actor Gary Farmer. You've got to pick a pocket or two. At the 41st Academy Awards for 1968, Oliver! Anthony Newley played the character in a 1948 film adaptation of the story. Moody appeared in an episode of BBC1's Casualty (aired on 30 January 2010) as a Scottish patient who had served with the Black Watch during the Second World War. A distinguishing trait is his constant and insincere use of the phrase "my dear" when addressing others. Fagin becomes suspicious of Nancy, and follows her to one of her meetings with Maylie. Harry Secombe, who played Mr. Bumble, was well known in Britain but not in the United States, and Oliver Reed, who played Bill Sikes, had just begun to make a name for himself. Dickens describes his first appearance: Fagin later meets with Bill Sikes, a burglar. (1968). In this 13-episode series, Fagin has escaped his hanging by pretending to have had a stroke, which has left him paralyzed (and therefore unfit to be executed) and is in hiding at The Three Cripples, tended to by Barney. ", Moody on his acclaimed role as Fagin and subsequent career. [11], Moody died of natural causes while in a London hospital on 11 June 2015, aged 91. Many felt that the role of Nancy should have gone to Georgia Brown, who had played the role in the West End production. "The musical numbers emerge from the story with a grace that has been rarely seen since the musicals of Ren Clair. Oliver wakes up in Mr. Brownlows house, and happily watches from his balcony the merchants and inhabitants of Bloomsbury Square singing about this particular morning being so beautiful (Who Will Buy). [19], Commencing in the US in 1998, Oliver! (as Fagin) and on the West End in Maggie May and as other non-Edna characters in the 1994 Beethoven biopic Immortal Beloved and Nicholas Nickleby (2002). The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. They present a locket belonging to Oliver's mother, who arrived at the workhouse penniless and died during childbirth. is known for. The British character actor was nominated for an Oscar and won a Golden Globe for. William "Bill" Sikes is a fictional character and the main antagonist in the 1838 novel Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens.Sikes is a malicious criminal in Fagin's gang, and a vicious robber and murderer. Ron Moody: Oliver! Actor + Oscar Nominee - Alt Film Guide David Jones as the Artful Dodger (in top hat) and Georgia Brown, beside him, in a number from the musical Oliver! on The Ed Sullivan Show in 1964. (1968) and its 1983 Broadway revival. Dodger brings Oliver to a hideout for young pickpockets led by Fagin, who instructs the gang in the art of stealing, declaring that Youve Got to Pick a Pocket or Two to get by. But we were all terrified of Oliver Reed. It certainly has these very winsome tunes, and the cast of children is delightful beyond measure, but there are dark edges of the story that were very much leaning into and exploring in this production.. On the London Stage, New Depiction Of Fagin Revives an Old Stereotype He was 91. Mr. Brownlow notes Oliver's resemblance to the girl (his niece, Emily, who disappeared years ago), and begins to suspect he may be Oliver's great-uncle. Brownlow takes Oliver in, while Sikes and Fagin send Dodger to follow them, to Nancys displeasure. The Dodger chooses to consider himself a "victim of society", roaring in the courtroom, "I am an Englishman, ain't I? They attempt to flee London, but both are arrested. "[13], The Philadelphia Inquirer was enthusiastic: "There's atmosphere and airy grace to 'Oliver!.' Oliver! In 2003, he starred in the black comedy Paradise Grove alongside Rula Lenska, and played Edwin Caldecott, an old nemesis of Jim Branning on the BBC soap EastEnders. The different actors playing Fagin were distinguished by their different costumes, especially their coats. Mr. Moody was a spindly, long-faced man with, in performance, an effervescent sparkle, as those who recall his Fagin will attest. In the 1980 ATV series The Further Adventures of Oliver Twist, the Dodger was played by John Fowler. His big break came in the 1960s when he was given the part of Fagin, the leader of a band of juvenile rogues and pickpockets, in Oliver!, the musical version of Dickens's Oliver Twist. He had six children with his wife, Therese, who survives him. Nancy, ashamed of her role in Oliver's kidnapping, tells Maylie and Rose that Oliver is in danger, and secretly joins them in a plan to rescue him. Ron Moody, a British character actor who rose to prominence in the role of Fagin, Dickens's guru of thievery, in "Oliver!", the stage and movie versions of "Oliver Twist," died on Thursday.. ', https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ron_Moody&oldid=1144928736, This page was last edited on 16 March 2023, at 10:16. Instead of helping Oliver, Fagin turns his back on the boy. They're equal participants in the great adventure, and they have to fend for themselves or bloody well get out of the way. Lon Chaney portrayed Fagin in a silent film version Oliver Twist. (1968) and its 1983 Broadway revival. Fagin Shani Wallis Nancy Oliver Reed Bill Sikes Harry Secombe Bumble Jack Wild The Artful Dodger Hugh Griffith Magistrate Joseph O'Conor Mr. Brownlow Peggy Mount Mrs. Bumble Leonard Rossiter Sowerberry Hylda Baker Mrs. Sowerberry Kenneth Cranham Noah Claypole Megs Jenkins Mrs. Bedwin Sheila White Bet Wensley Pithey Dr. Grimwig James Hayter Though Nancy allows others to see her as a passive player in her own life, Cooper wanted her performance to underscore the power Nancy wields in moments like the Oom-Pah-Pah number, in which her lively and somewhat risqu dance is actually a means of distracting Bill Sikes and Fagin so she can help Oliver escape. Oliver wakes up, notices Fagin's secret, and startles the man, who explains that the trove is to help him in his old age ("You've Got to Pick a Pocket or Two (Reprise)"). Gigi Angelillo. MOODY: (As H. Driffold Cosgood) No, I simply meant you have a lot to offer the theater, Ms. Marple. What happened to the furniture? NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by an NPR contractor. [28], In a 2007 BBC television adaptation, Fagin is played by Timothy Spall. Russia launches pre-dawn missile attack on Ukraine, Chaos at port as thousands rush to leave Sudan. In one of his final public readings in 1869, a year before his death, Dickens cleansed Fagin of all stereotypical caricature. Lilli Cooper, left, as Nancy, and Angelica Beliard, right, dancing with Benjamin Pajak, who plays Oliver in the musical. Fagin - Wikipedia Also, this version of the character had him more caring of his orphan charges, feeding them well and treating them with obvious concern. Not for a moment are the children in the cast treated as children. Bill Sikes is a sociopath, and there is no end to his cruelty, deBessonet said of Nancys abusive boyfriend. Brownlow takes pity on Oliver and brings him to his house, helping him recover from the abuse and malnourishment he has suffered at Fagin's hands. When Oliver is sent by Mr Brownlow to a boarding school, he finds the Dodger already there, and it is revealed that thanks to Oliver's uncle Harry Maylie the Dodger escaped transportation and was instead enrolled in the school. ELIZABETH BLAIR, BYLINE: With that scruffy beard and devilish twinkle in his eye, Ron Moody owned Fagin. In the 2010 Doctor Who audio drama Legend of the Cybermen, the Artful Dodger is one of the characters seen in the land of fiction. Moody was on his way to becoming a sociologist when he fell into acting. The film is told from his point of view, in which he is a drug addict influenced by Fagin.[21]. As Oliver and Nancy share a farewell embrace at London Bridge, Sikes catches up and grabs both of them and throws Oliver aside. Fagin /fen/ is a fictional character and the secondary antagonist in Charles Dickens's 1838 novel Oliver Twist. Cast (in credits order) verified as complete. In a way, Ron Moody was the British Topol. He indirectly but intentionally causes the death of Nancy by falsely informing Sikes that she had betrayed him, when in reality she had shielded Sikes from the law, whereupon Sikes kills her. ritish actor Ron Moody, best known for his iconic role as Fagin in the musical Oliver, has died at the age of 91. In an introduction to a 1981 Bantam Books reissue of Oliver Twist, for example, Irving Howe wrote that Fagin was considered an "archetypical Jewish villain. Equipped with a crooked, leering smirk and devilish gleam in his eye, the homely, yet beautifully expressive mug of actor Ron Moody will be most assuredly remembered for one signature role, despite the fact that the talented comedian had much, much more to offer. producer Music by Cinematography by Oswald Morris . Ive no regrets. It is as well-made as a film can be." He concluded, "Oliver! MOODY: (As Fagin) (Singing) Cheerio, but be back soon. In 1996, Jean Loup Wolfman played the role in an adaptation by Seth Michael Donsky entitled Twisted. [23], A 2014 novel by Peter David, Artful, features the Artful Dodger as the main character, and depicts his life following the events of Oliver Twist, which includes confrontations with vampires, one of whom is revealed to be Fagin. That's why I say cheerio, not goodbye. received widespread acclaim from critics. [7], Fagin has been the subject of much debate over antisemitism, during Dickens' lifetime and in modern times. Nancy. And I think that in some productions, you may just be bobbing along with the rhythm of the song, and you might not really hear those words.. [20], Since 2013, it has been released on Blu-ray in several countries by Sony, with the US having an additional limited edition release by Twilight Time.[21]. Fagin was the only Jew in the story, he said, and all the rest of the wicked dramatis personae are Christians. [27], This article is about the character from Oliver Twist. Is climate change killing Australian wine? Fagin is portrayed as a criminal mastermind who kidnaps orphaned children and trains them to be pickpockets in return for sheltering and feeding them; he keeps the ill-gotten money for himself. I fully believe Fagin loves those children, and he is exploiting them, deBessonet said. Where are my priwileges? [2] In the preface to the novel, he is described as a "receiver of stolen goods". (His name was legally changed to Moody when he was a boy.). When he left the original company of Oliver!, it was partly because of a feud with the leading lady, Georgia Brown, who didnt appreciate Mr. Moodys habits, born in revues, of changing lines from night to night and soliciting laughs with ad-libbed antics. "I knew in my Jewish bones, he was a funny character, who would get laughs, because I played him anarchistically." . Fagin is a confessed miser who, despite the wealth that he has acquired, does very little to improve the squalid lives of the children he guards, or his own. Role in the novel. - which in retrospect was a mistake.". He was, altogether, as roistering and swaggering a young gentleman as ever stood four feet six, or something less, in the blushers. p. 17. I got the stage bug Ron Moody in 2003. his performance in the Charles Dickens adaptation. I suspect that, because I gave my all to the role, and because I was working with such a fine team of people, it inhibited my future career. I never thought he'd a done it under a gold watch, chain, and seals, at the lowest. "[10], Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times awarded the film four out of four stars. After breaking into the house Oliver is shot in the arm. Which are?, The love between Nancy and Bill is genuine, Mutu said, referring to their codependency as fascinating. [26], In the 2022 CBBC series, Dodger, the Artful Dodger is portrayed by Billy Jenkins. Ron Moody - IMDb After Oliver!, my career didnt develop, he said in 2005. Ron Moody Anyone can read what you share. Underscoring the musicals darker bits, deBessonet said, like the fear and loneliness the orphaned Oliver experiences, was a matter of subtraction rather than addition. The term has become an idiom describing a person with skilful deception. BLAIR: Ronald Moodnick was born in London. For other uses, see, Jimmy Burns (2011). [citation needed], Numerous prominent actors have played the character of Fagin. Nancy, who has come to care for Oliver, at first refuses to help, but Sikes physically abuses her, forcing her into obedience. In the novel "Oliver Twist," Charles Dickens calls the greedy Fagin the Jew. However, the antisemitic quality of Guinness' portrayal was considerably toned down in the musical, partly because of Moody being Jewish himself; he was in fact the first Jewish actor to portray Fagin. Ultimately the Dodger is caught with a stolen silver snuff box and presumably transported from England to a penal colony in Australia (only alluded to in the novel). Tommy Kenter. and then parades Oliver in the street to sell him off as an apprentice ("Boy for Sale"). He lives in poverty with his five dogs and is desperately searching for money to repay his debts to a ruthless loan shark. He played it on stage in London and New York and in the Oscar-winning film version of the Dickens story. The boys gathered around Ral Esparza, who is playing Fagin, the lovable London crime lord, in a battered brown hat with a buckle, tan overcoat and black fingerless gloves. Video, The secret mine that hid the Nazis' stolen treasure, MasterChef Australia host Jock Zonfrillo dies, NFL player's daughter, aged two, drowns in pool, Banana artwork in Seoul museum eaten by visitor, Trevelyan relative 'would consider' famine payment, Indian 'killer' elephant relocated to tiger reserve, Ding becomes China's first male world chess champion, Four dead after suspected pigeon racer dispute, US principal visits David sculpture after nudity row. 'Destined to play Fagin' In 2005, Ron Moody would tell The Sunday Times, "Fate destined me to play Fagin.It was the part of a lifetime." But difficulties remained throughout the production, as he had the habit of ad-libbing his lines, much to the irritation of both Lionel Bart and Georgia Brown - who, compounding matters, saw her role from a dramatic standpoint. Be back soon. But the next year Mr. Moody landed the role of Fagin, and everything changed. Yes, I am playing a sociopath who has violent tendencies , but he has redeeming qualities, Esparza interjected. All rights reserved. (casting) Read about our approach to external linking. charming scoundrel, Ron Moody was nominated for an Oscar for the role and a Tony for a revival of "Oliver!" Fagin tries to soothe Sikes's temper, prompting Sikes to declare that if anyone ratted them out, Sikes will kill Fagin. In the face of all that difficulty, shes been able to say, Im still going to love life.. Oliver is made to believe, by Noah Claypole, Noah's girlfriend Charlotte, and Mrs Carraway (Mr Brownlow's corrupt new housekeeper), that Mr Brownlow is ill to the point of death. [20], Ron Moody reprised the role of Fagin in the 1983 Channel 4 television program 'The Other Side of London'[21], In the 1985 miniseries, Fagin is portrayed by Eric Porter. The part was first played by Martin Horsey, and later by Tony Robinson, Davy Jones, Leonard Whiting, Steve Marriott, and Phil Collins. He treats the children with cruelty, beating, and threatens to starve them if they do not do his bidding, or if they bring in less money than he desires. [1] The Dodger is a pickpocket, so called for his skill and cunning in that occupation. The face belongs to Rowan Atkinson, who has swapped the role of his gormless creation, Mr Bean, for the cunning Dickensian character Fagin in the latest West End revival of the musical, Oliver . The star, who was nominated for the best actor Oscar in 1968 for his performance in the Charles Dickens adaptation, died in hospital today. Oliver Twist is a 1948 British film and the second of David Lean's two film adaptations of Charles . Moody earned a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award nomination for the film, as well as a Tony Award nomination for the stage production. The British actor was known for character roles and his turn in the 1968 musical. Who played Fagin on Broadway? was a moment in one's life when you find where you really are". "[13], Dickens became friends with Davis's wife, Eliza, who told him in a letter in 1863 that Jews regarded his portrayal of Fagin a "great wrong" to their people. Ron Moody, Actor Best Known as Fagin in 'Oliver!,' Dies at 91 Moody was born on 8 January 1924 in Tottenham, Middlesex,[1][2] the son of Kate (ne Ogus; 18981980) and Bernard/Barnett Moodnick (18961964), a studio executive. I thought, you can't make a musical out of a monster. Explore in 3D: The dazzling crown that makes a king. "He brought joy to his family and to the hearts of many and will be greatly missed. BLAIR: And a Russian aristocrat in Mel Brooks' cult favorite "Twelve Chairs.". Fagin later meets with a fellow criminal, the mysterious Mr Monks, and plots with him to destroy Oliver's newfound reputation as a young gentleman. In popular culture, Fagin (or at least his name) is used in comparison with adults who use children for illegal activities. [9] He later told many people (including Doctor Who companion Elisabeth Sladen) that declining the role was a decision he subsequently regretted. His widow Therese said: "He brought joy to his family and to the hearts of many and will be greatly missed. He appeared in EastEnders as Edwin Caldecott, an old nemesis of Jim Branning, and played wizard Merlin in Disney's A Kid in King Arthur's Court. [5], Despite training to be an economist, Moody began appearing in theatrical shows and later decided to become a professional actor. Swapping the idyllic rivers of the British Isles for the squalid. Ron Moody's portrayal in the original London production of the musical Oliver! Songs, glorious songs! Instead he searched for the humanity within the character, to add nuances to his portrayal without offering redemption. To make sure Oliver never learns of his true parentage, Fagin and Monks conspire to steal a locket and a ring left to the boy by his late mother, and throw them in the river. The emphasis Encores! It was the part of a lifetime. He died this week at the age of 91 in a London hospital, and NPR's Elizabeth Blair has this appreciation. He was short of his age: with rather bow-legs, and little, sharp, ugly eyes. Promising to return him to Brownlow at midnight at London Bridge, Nancy heads for the tavern. It has catchy, sometimes beautiful songs and the voices to go with them. All nine pickpockets in training nodded enthusiastically. [6] In the BBC adaptation of Oliver Twist in 2007, he is played by Adam Arnold. The literary magazine Artful Dodge was named after the character. In short, I got the stage bug.. A quarrel ensues over Oliver's future and who keeps the items that Mr. Brownlow entrusted to Oliver; Oliver's resistance goads Sikes into beating him, but Nancy stays Sikes's hand. Jack Wild had played one of Fagin's boys in the London production, but was now old enough to play the Artful Dodger. See the Cast of Oliver! at New York City Center in Rehearsals