[Dr. Dre]
Most read in Celebrity KIM'S TRIM Khloe admits 'moving on is hard' after revealing she's single & not with Tristan He was reportedly attacked and left with a broken neck. Its a major blemish on who I am as a man, and every time it comes up, it just makes me feel f**ked up.. We made a vow - later we'll regret til death do us part
You are nearing the transfer limit for memorials managed by Find a Grave. Then, in 1989, Tyree Crayon succumbed to injuries from being thrown on the ground, following a verbal altercation while driving on Crenshaw Boulevard. Family members linked to this person will appear here. Dr. Dre has released his first brand of headphones, Beats by Dr. Dre, which consisted of Beats Studio, a circumaural headphone; Beats Tour, an in-ear headphone; Beats Solo & Solo HD, a supra-aural headphone; Beats Spin; Heartbeats by Lady Gaga, also an in-ear headphone; and Diddy Beats. There is 1 volunteer for this cemetery. Jerome Crayons brother is Andre Romelle Young known professionally as Dr. Dre. Updates and news about all categories will send to you. This account already exists, but the email address still needs to be confirmed. YOUNGER BROTHER KILLED. Close this window, and upload the photo(s) again. He had surgery on his brain. Dre had his third child with singer Michelle after they worked together on World Class Wreckin Crew, and in the 1980s fathered another son, Andre R Young Jr, with Jenita Porter. Listen listen listen.. (listen) whoahh (listen)
We coulda used time spent arguin tellin the truth
Although Dre has more than proven himself at this stage, decades into his awe-inspiring career, the music mogul's rise has been marred by personal hardships, too. Dr. Dre also spent years fighting Death Row Records for failing to give him royalties following the reissue of the 1992 album The Chronic. Inspired by "The Adventures of Grandmaster Flash on the Wheels of Steel" he is determined to become a top Hip-hop DJ on the West Coast. Dr. Dre has enjoyed one of the most successful and influential careers in the history of hip hop, but his personal life has not been without misfortune. There is a problem with your email/password. Becoming a Find a Grave member is fast, easy and FREE. Dr. Dre dedicated the last song on his successful album The Chronic to his late brother. A system error has occurred. A few months later, Los Angeles Coroner spokesman Larry Dietz told PEOPLE Andre's death was ruled an accident "due to morphine and heroin intoxication. He made his first on screen appearance as a weapons dealer in the 1996 bank robbery movie Set It Off. Dre dedicated "The Message," the final song onThe Chronic,to his brother (perBlack Doctor). He is the founder and CEO of Aftermath Entertainment and Beats Electronics, and was previously co-owner of Death Row Records. Thanks for using Find a Grave, if you have any feedback we would love to hear from you. He can take the game with him, cause he defines the word
Find out more about our policy and your choices, including how to opt-out. While the pair seemed inseparable, they ultimately called it quits in 2021 after 24 years of marriage. Tyree was only 55 years old and leaves behind a large family, including his brother Dre, who is mourning his loss deeply. The news this week that rap legend and superstar producer Dr. Dre had been hospitalized after suffering a brain aneurysm seemed to blindside fans, and many expressed their shock and shared their support on social media. His lawyer has said that my dad doesnt want to help me because Ive spoken about him in the press. Dre would continue on his DJ career at the local clubs and his brother Tyree who now had Crip affiliations would protect him from any trouble at the clubs. I'll never last, cause my better half is up there with you
After unleashing gangsta rap on a mainstream audience with his work as a member of N.W.A., his solo album "The Chronic" defined the West Coast rap sound. Tyree was speculated to have been affiliated with The Crips, but aside from a few sketchy facts . He toldThe Times (viaHollywood):"There's this certain pain that I feel and I don't know if it's because of my brother's death, or (other) deaths in the family but it's this thing." He was allegedly rushed to intensive care but told fans he will be back home soon.. based on information from your browser. Jeromes mother later got divorced from his father, Curtis Crayon, and married Warren Griffin. The Grammy winner was arrested on January 10 of that year after failing a sobriety test following an early morning high-speed chase through Beverly Hills. [Dr. Dre]
Written collaboratively by all of the members of Coldplay, this song is about a man's need for love and forgiveness. You either quit, or you gon' play it like you get it
To set the record straight, Jerome Crayon is the half-brother of rapper Dr. Dre. Young told The Daily Mail that she has not seen her father in 18 years and has to go through his team when she needs to contact him. Warren also had children from a previous marriage; three daughters and one son Warren Griffin III (Warren G). . I'm just hustlin everyday, runnin this race, makin this paper
You are only allowed to leave one flower per day for any given memorial. I'll never last, cause my better half is up there with you You knew what you was doing when you made us, so with all due respect You coulda forgave him, you didn't have to take him He can take the game with him, cause he defines the word The one who puts the G in it, who you think put me in it? For all the success though, life has never been particularly easy for Dr. Dre, who has suffered a great deal of loss in his life, including the death of his 20-year-old son, Andre Young Jr., in 2008. Dr. Dre was born in Compton, California, on February 18, 1965. This memorial has been copied to your clipboard. and its members. Among those children from remarriage were Dre's half-brothers, Tyree and Jerome, the latter of which sadly died after a bout with pneumonia as an infant. And while Dre (born Andre Young) has perhaps never dealt with a health crisis on a scale as public as this one, it seems he's weathered as much trauma as he's had success. Do what you can. stunts Marc C. Geschwind . Alongside a snap of himself in the studio on Instagram, Dre said: Thanks to my family, friends, and fans for their interest and well-wishes. Please reset your password. If that's the truth, then I'm realizin I ain't no gangsta
to straight breakin down and showin all emotions
The one who puts the G in it, who you think put me in it? With guidance from veteran manager Jerry Heller, band members Ice Cube (O'Shea Jackson Jr.), Dr. Dre (Corey Hawkins), Eazy-E, DJ Yella and MC Ren navigate their way through the industry, acquiring fame, fortune and a place in history.Watch the full movie now: https://www.uphe.com/movies/straight-outta-comptonWelcome to Screen Bites. All about Dr Dre's wife Nicole Young and why are they getting divorced PLAGUED BY TRAGEDY Inside Dr Dre's troubled family with homeless daughter & son who died A few months later, Los Angeles Coroner spokesman Larry Dietz told PEOPLE Andre's death was ruled an accident "due to morphine and heroin intoxication. Use Next and Previous buttons to navigate, or jump to a slide with the slide dots. Dre has also tussled with his baby mamas over the years, particularly when it comes to financial support for his seven children. Jerome Crayon was Dr. Dre's half-brotherthe son of Dre's mother, Verna Young, and Curtis Crayon. As a young man growing up in Compton, Dre dealt with constant upheaval. 's success, the rapper learned that his brother suffered a broken neck following an attack and died from his injuries, per Exclaim. All times AEST (GMT +10). Oops, something didn't work. member? Im homeless and Ive been reaching out to my dad for help, she said. Tragedy struck Dre's family in 2008 when his son, Andre Young Jr. was discovered dead in his bed by his mother at the age of 20. His brother, Tyree, was killed after a vicious gang-related attack that left him with a broken neck. Dre was 25 when the suit was filed and Young Jr was only two years old. His first daughter La Tonya his second child was also born while he was still in high school. Drag images here or select from your computer for Tyree Du Sean Crayon memorial. Then, in 1989, Tyree Crayon succumbed to injuries from being thrown on the ground, following a verbal altercation while driving on Crenshaw Boulevard. Dre channeled his grief and funneled it into creative energy he poured into his music. Rapper to pay $400k a month to estranged wife, Dr Dre handcuffed in bizarre citizens arrest. Lord, I thought we was made for each other
No woman should ever be treated that way. Earlier this month, Dres second child La Tonya also claimed that she is living in her car despite begging for help from her billionaire dad. N.W.A's first studio album, \"Straight Outta Compton,\" stirs controversy with its brutally honest depiction of life in Southern Los Angeles. I apologise to the women Ive hurt, Dre said in a statement to the New York Times at the time. yeah-ehh-yeah, yeah-ooeooooh
Dres fourth child, Andre R Young Jr, tragically died of a drug overdose aged 20 in August 2008. Her 1991 statement claimed that he began slamming her face and right side of her body repeatedly against a wall near the stairway.. Also Read: Kevin Grandalski: Facts About Marlee Matlins Husband. At 22 tracks total, 2001 was perhaps embraced gluttonously when it was first unleashed. Allegations that Dre assaulted other women including former girlfriend Michelle resurfaced in 2015 after the release of the biopic Straight Outta Compton. Youse a soldier, you're probably packin heat up there
I thought I learned from Eazy, now I'm goin through it with you
A lot of fans want to know did Dr. Dre have a brother? Like many other songs on this list, Dr. Dre used his own personal experience with loss to create a rap tribute tackling the emotions of grief. Are you sure that you want to delete this flower? PerExclaim, the rapper had a younger brother named Jerome who died of pneumonia when Dre was only one-years-old. [Dr. Dre]
Nicole is requesting roughly $A2.7 million ($US2 million) for temporary spousal support and an additional $A6.8 million ($US5 million) in lawyer fees. As you can see in the movie, Tyree death seriously impacts his life. Artist: Dr. Dre f/ Mary J. Blige, Rell
In 1990, Porter sued Dr. Dre in Orange County Superior Court seeking $5,000 of child support per month. Listen listen listen.. whoahh-oahhh-oahhh
He is a rapper, record producer, and entrepreneur. You shouldn't connect those, made to be taken away from each other
Representatives for Dre later confirmed Andre's death, saying in a statement: "Dr Dre is mourning the loss of his son Andre Young Jr. Year should not be greater than current year. Posted on . In 1994, Dr. Dre was sentenced to an eight-month prison stint for leading police on a chase when they tried to arrest him for driving drunk. The FBI . The sponsor of a memorial may add an additional. Dr. Dre decided to take a break from music to spend more time with his family. We have set your language to He had reportedly been out with friends the night before and was discovered in bed by his mother in their California home. At this point, he had a second brother named Tyree Du Sean who would also pass away as we will address later. . Start where you are. While speaking about the effect of the cumulative grief, Dre noted in an interview, "There's this certain pain that I feel and I don't know if it's because of my brother's death, or (other) deaths in the family but it's this thing. Dr. Dre is an American rapper, record producer, and entrepreneur whose original name is Andre Romelle Young. RELATED: Billionaires daughter is homeless. The rapper was suffering from a brain aneurysm. Dr. Dre's Brother Jerome Died Of Pneumonia When Dre Was Only 1 Year Old. Share this memorial using social media sites or email. In the mid-2010s, two women came forward and accused the rapper of abuse in the past. I don't know if that's where my talent lies, or my passion lies for what I do." yahhooooohahhooooh listen
Although Dre was a good boy and avoided gangs during his childhood in Compton, he and his family were not immune from the Crips and Bloods gang culture in their neighborhood. I will be out of the hospital and back home soon. His song, Bad Intentions (featuring Knoc-TurnAl) and produced by Mahogany, was featured on The Wash soundtrack. 6. Jeromes mother was married to Dr. Dres biological father, Theodore Young but they separated in 1968 and divorced in 1972. Dres worth skyrocketed after he sold his headphones brand Beats by Dre to Apple in 2014 for $A3 billion ($US2.2 billion). After first becoming a father in high school, Dre would not meet his first son Curtis until the boy was 20 years old, according to Biography.com. You can always change this later in your Account settings. So don't worry about me.. {cause I know my way around}
Song: The Message
Try again later. While the lyrics are substantial, the melody is just as powerful. The 2015 biopic Straight Outta Compton featured actor Keith Powers who portrayed Tyree Crayton, one of Dr. Dre's brothers. As manager of this memorial you can add or update the memorial using the Edit button below.
This is a carousel with slides. stunt double: Ice Cube Phil Green . All right reserved. The singer told the publication that watching the film "re-opened wounds." The email does not appear to be a valid email address. cause I'm still paging you, 911, straight in denial
If you wanna know why.. {why I live my life}
Dres divorce from his wife Nicole Threatt, 51. Please contact Find a Grave at [emailprotected] if you need help resetting your password. Jenita quickly called the paramedics, however, they were unable to revive him and he was pronounced dead at the scene. Seven years later, he then welcomed Andre, his second son, with Jenita. I'm only half the man that I was I'll never last, 'cause my better half is up . ). Dre was hospitalised in January this year after reportedly suffering a mystery brain aneurysm. Listen.. mmm-mmm-mmm
and everything looked bright. Tyree Du Sean Crayon died "after trying to break up a street fight " a decade before the song would be written and dedicated to him. is growing. Reports indicate he was born into a very humble life that was full of adversity, yet he managed to find a way to rise above a series of misfortunes and tragedies, to become one of the biggest moguls in the world of music. Tammy Collins: Everything About Kirk Franklins Wife, Dr. Dre, Tyree Crayon, Shameka Crayon, Warren G. Use what you have. This flower has been reported and will not be visible while under review. Dre was mainly raised by his grandmother, as he was born to a teenage mother, who later remarried and had several other children and step-children. Dr Dre's half-brother Tyree died in 1989 just as he was in the middle of touring Straight Outta Compton. Prayin you get it, but no man can choose the card he was dealt
This account has been disabled.
In 2008, he lost his 20-year-old son, Andre Jr., to a drug overdose. LaTanya Young, a 38-year-old single mother of four who works for food delivery services and in a warehouse, said she has not received money from her famous dad in 18 months. If you notice a problem with the translation, please send a message to [emailprotected] and include a link to the page and details about the problem. Killed after trying to break up a street fight. Dr Dre's half-brother Tyree died . yeah, yeah, ahhh-oooh-oahahahhhhh.. listen..
Dr Dres half-brother Tyree died in 1989 just as he was in the middle of touring Straight Outta Compton. The lyrics to "The Message" showcase how close the two were,with the rapper noting,"We fought like brothers, something we never should do / We coulda used time spent arguing telling the truth." A message to God
Get all latest content delivered to your email a few times a month. Dr Dre's half-brother Tyree died in 1989 just as he was in the middle of touring Straight Outta Compton. So don't worry about me.. {don't worry, don't worry worry}
Please check your email and click on the link to activate your account. RELATED: Dr Dre handcuffed in bizarre citizens arrest. Dr. Dre speaks on the death of his brother Tyree 798,890 views Aug 2, 2017 12K Dislike Dr. Dre 415K subscribers The Defiant Ones Get season 1 on YouTube 16:48 Rock & Roll Hall of Fame. Somehow, you just get sucked in one way or another. By Samantha Sanders / Updated: March 7, 2022 2:04 pm EST The news this week that rap legend and superstar producer Dr. Dre had been hospitalized after suffering a brain aneurysm seemed to blindside fans, and many expressed their shock and shared their support on social media. or don't show this againI am good at figuring things out. With estranged homeless daughter LaTanya Young and a son who died at 20, rapper Dr Dres family life is plagued with tragedy. Sadly, Jerome died after a bout with pneumonia as an infant. Dr. Dre co-produced six tracks on Eminems landmark Marshall Mathers LP, including the Grammy-winning lead single, The Real Slim Shady. Your Scrapbook is currently empty. On August 23, 2008, Andre Young Jr. died at the age of 20 at his mother's Woodland Hills home. stunt performer Michelle Jubilee Gonzalez . Oops, we were unable to send the email. Dr. Dre began as a member of the World Class Wreckin Cru in 1985. stunt driver Kieran Gallagher . There are no volunteers for this cemetery. According to sources, he was killed after a . Your account has been locked for 30 minutes due to too many failed sign in attempts. Are you sure that you want to report this flower to administrators as offensive or abusive? The way that I do.. {cause I got to get this money}
.. {*Mary J. Blige sings in the background*} ..
To view a photo in more detail or edit captions for photos you added, click the photo to open the photo viewer. He released the singles Let Me Ride, and Nuthin but a G Thang. A close friend of late chef Jock Zonfrillo has revealed how devastating his death is to The Project panel. Straight Outta Compton (2015) SYNOPSIS: In 1988, a groundbreaking new group revolutionizes music and pop culture, changing and influencing hip-hop forever. Sal Pacino: How did Al Pacinos father die? The rapper had his fifth and sixth children, a son named Truth and a daughter named Truly, with wife Nicole Threatt, whom he married in 1996. 0 cemeteries found in Inglewood, Los Angeles County, California, USA. Flowers added to the memorial appear on the bottom of the memorial or here on the Flowers tab. U.S., Public Records Index, 1950-1993, Volume 1, Thank you for fulfilling this photo request. I deeply regret what I did and know that it has forever impacted all of our lives.. Search above to list available cemeteries. The ultimate place for cross overs, mashups, clips, trailers, exclusives behind the scenes, singalongs and so much more! https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/143507371/tyree-du_sean-crayon. Some people also ask is Warren G Dr. Dres brother and they even ask did he pass away? [Rell] + {Mary}
Read More on The US Sun VETERAN rapper Dr Dre suffered serious heartbreak after the death of his son Andre Young Jr. Andre passed away on August 23, 2008, and now fans want to know what happened. It has a piano ballad arrangement and is quite melancholy in general. The most vivid tale of this is found on Dr. Dres song Lil Ghetto Boy off his 1992 album The Chronic. In 2015, Journalist Dee Barnes also detailed injuries she sustained at the hands of the music producer following an argument at an industry party in 1991, per The Huffington Post. There's nowhere else like this for film fans on YouTube. Remove advertising from a memorial by sponsoring it for just $5. Dr. Dre dedicated a track called "The Message" off the album 2001 to Jerome, per sources. As medical equipment back in the '70s was not so advanced and medical services in the hood were mediocre, Dr. Dre's brother Jerome passed away at one-year-old due to pneumonia. We suggest listening to this song if you want to let your emotions out. I'm anxious to believe in real G's don't cry
With T. Dre was a staple of the rap group N.W.A., which rose to superstardom in the '80s and he parlayed that success into a career as a producer and mentor for music icons such as Snoop Dogg and Eminem.. if you don't know why..
As medical equipment back in the 70s was not so advanced and medical services in the hood were mediocre, Dr. Dres brother Jerome passed away at one-year-old due to pneumonia. So far, so good. Before he even truly became Dr. Dre, however, the California native lost two of the people closest to him, both under devastating circumstances. In the years following Dre will become a national sensation with his rap group N.W.A.
The answer to all of these questions is, yes. Please enter your email address and we will send you an email with a reset password code. Shout out to all the great medical professionals at Cedars. Later, he founded Death Row Records and went on to produce for icons like 2Pac, Kendrick Lamar, and Snoop Dogg. The coroner determined that he died from an overdose of heroin and morphine. if you don't know why I.. you gotta listen up right now
The rap legend and superstar producer Dr. Dre (born Andre Young) has suffered a great deal of loss in his life, including the death of his 20-year-old son, Andre Young Jr., in 2008. His other half-brother, Tyree, died in 1989 after his neck was broken in an attack. Thanks for your help! If you have questions, please contact [emailprotected]. Tyree is notable for not only being the super-producer's sibling, but also for being a source ofheartbreak and inspiration. 2. Hes out of his f**king mind, he said, according to the Washington Post. On 4 January 2021, Dr. Dre was taken by ambulance and admitted to CEDARS-SINAI medical center in Los Angeles. ", Unfortunately, that was not the first time Dre had to cope with a sibling's death. He found fame with the gangsta rap group N.W.A. Don't forget to subscribe at youtube.com/channel/UCB4VaK5rjEZb5rfU-nptTvw?sub_confirmation=1#StraightOuttaCompton #NWA #DrDre #SBLVI #SuperBowl #HalfTimeShow I thought you might like to see a memorial for Tyree Du Sean Crayon I found on Findagrave.com. oooooooooh oahahoooohhh ooooha ohhhhh
Learn more about managing a memorial . You knew what you was doin when you made us; so with all due respect
I'm tryin to tell you somethin good
brother.. brother.. Copyright 2018. Closing the album, the Mary J. Blige and Rell collaboration 'The Message' is an ode to Dr. Dre's late brother Tyree and a song that deserved much more attention than it received. Andre Jr. was discovered in bed by his mother just before 10:30 a.m., according to Ed Winter, the coroner's spokesman, who revealed, "She found . Although therapper doesn't like to discuss his losses at length, Hollywood.com notes he toldThe Timesin the U.K., "There's this certain pain that I feel and I don't know if it's because of my brother's death, or [other] deaths in the family but it's this thing." The lyrics were ghostwritten by rapper Royce da 5'9". He alleged that she was trying to squeeze money out of him in their $1 billion divorce, according to TMZ. Please ensure you have given Find a Grave permission to access your location in your browser settings. Found more than one record for entered Email, You need to confirm this account before you can sign in. And I was out of my f**king mind at the time. An email has been sent to the person who requested the photo informing them that you have fulfilled their request, There is an open photo request for this memorial. Failed to subscribe, please contact admin. Unfortunately, Jerome Crayon died after suffering from pneumonia as an infant. The Los Angeles County coroner said he overdosed on heroin and morphine and it was ruled an accident. I miss you, sometimes I wish I just died wit you
He was reportedly attacked and left with a broken neck. He was reportedly attacked and left with a broken neck. Dre would later go on to be the richest rapper in the world after his sale of Beats to Apple pushed his net worth up to $A1 billion ($US800 million). Threatt filed for force from the rapper in June 2020 citing irreconcilable differences after 24 years of marriage. Exclaimreportsthat Dre shared a bedroom with Tyree as a child, and he found out his half-brother had died while touringStraight Outta Compton. Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, California, USA, Compton, Los Angeles County, California, USA. He feels more creatively driven as a result of such hardships, explaining, "I'm not sure if I should get rid of it. Young said she is living out of a rental car to try to make ends meet. Dre welcomed his first son while he was still in high school, since then, he has welcomed eight additional kids with several women. Album: The Chronic 2001
on Aug. 1, 1989. We made a vow - later we'll regret til death do us part Lord, I thought we was made for each other You shouldn't connect those, made to be taken away from each other Now what I'm supposed to do? Listen listen listen.. (better listen) whoahh-oahhh-oahhh
Try again later. However, two of Dr. Dre's brothers have died. I'm just hustlin everyday, runnin this race, makin this paper
Despite the serious health scare, countless fans are no doubt hoping the fortitude that Dre's developed as a result of these traumas can help him get through this one, too. Your new password must contain one or more uppercase and lowercase letters, and one or more numbers or special characters. He later spoke out about the incident and admitted his guilt in an HBO documentary series about his work. Sadly, this was not the first time the hip hop icon had experienced early death in his family. Dre later dedicated a track called "The Message" off the album 2001 to Jerome. I have this dark cloud that follows me, and its going to be attached to me forever. This browser does not support getting your location. The Chronic rapper went on to dedicate a song to his brother's memory called "The Message. The group NWA emerges from the mean streets of Compton in Los Angeles, California, in the mid-1980s and revolutionizes Hip Hop culture with their music and t. cemeteries found within miles of your location will be saved to your photo volunteer list. Continuing with this request will add an alert to the cemetery page and any new volunteers will have the opportunity to fulfill your request. There was a problem getting your location. Yeahhh-hah, yeahhh-hah, aooooooh
Don't know what hurts more - seein him leave, or watchin him go
Yes, Dr. Dre is physically and mentally well now. Learn about how to make the most of a memorial. Failed to report flower. What You Didn't Know About The Death Of Dr. Dre's Brothers. It was not initially known what caused the bleeding. Since you finishin em early, what posessed you to start him? Edit a memorial you manage or suggest changes to the memorial manager. 1 Taking A Break From Music. Jeromes mother Verna is a teacher at the Harlingen Consolidated Independent School. Dres brother Jerome also died of pneumonia when he was only a year old. Among those children from remarriage were Dre's half-brothers, Jerome and Tyree. Dre welcomed his first son, Curtis Young, with Cassandra Joy Greene on December 15, 1981. Use the links under See more to quickly search for other people with the same last name in the same cemetery, city, county, etc. During NWAs tour, Dr Dre receives terrible news. Learn more about merges. Although the rapper doesn't like to discuss his losses at length, Hollywood.com notes he told The Times in the U.K.,
Verify and try again. you gotta find out the reason why..
Because I don't think I should change it.". Dre was a staple of the rap group N.W.A., which rose to superstardom in the '80s and he parlayed that success into a career as a producer and mentor for music icons such as Snoop Dogg and Eminem. I'm feeling like my whole world is blinded . Controversy followed when this information came out, as the subject matter of the song is very personal and it wasn't even written by Dre. [Rell] + {Mary}
It comes after the music star also suffered the tragic death of his son at only 20 years old, and after controversy amid multiple claims that the rapper was violent with women. You have chosen this person to be their own family member. [Mary J. Blige]
Weve updated the security on the site. In 1988, Dr. Dre and Jenita Porter had a son, Andre Young Jr. It is dedicated to his deceased brother, Tyree. As a member of the seminal hip hop group N.W.A., Dre was one of the people most responsible for the cultural rise and chart dominance of West Coast gangsta rap in the 1980s and '90s.