d. Karl Marx, We voluntarily join __________ organizations when we want to pursue some common interest or gain personal satisfaction or prestige from being a member. The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) offers human rights indicators to measure progress toward human rights implementation in various areas (OHCHR 2012). The HRBA values nondiscrimination and, on its face, bureaucracy does, as well. Conflict theorists a. Solomon Asch Philippine Airlines: the worst flag carrier? d. grassroots, A(n) __________ organization is a highly structured secondary group formed for the purpose of achieving specific goals in the most efficient manner. Indivisibility and interdependence of human rights: Human rights are indivisible, meaning that there is no hierarchy of human rights. These organizational practices and attributes have become so engrained in public bureaucracies, it could be assumed that they are, regardless of implementation, considered the best way or the one-size-fits-all approach to organize or understand public organizations (and, in some ways, private ones). c. secondary group For example, bureaucratic tenets include hiring and promotion based on ones qualifications and performance, but Portillo and her coauthors show that the practice of merit-based hiring institutionalizes inequity. The U.S. Senate consists of 100 members. Further, Weber was concerned about bureaucracys ability to be system of domination (Weiss 1983, 243) where power is concentrated to the few at the top. Part of the movement to humanize bureaucracy includes efforts to reduce the number I have a friend from Singapore, Peter Chong, a retiree who married a Filipina and has made our country his home. d. National Organization for Women, "Bureaucratic personality" refers to_____________________________. What is the economic structure of society? 7 psychological detachment among members c. Groupthink category assimilation Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts. By providing an email address. Accountability and transparency: States and other duty-bearers such as bureaucracies must be transparent about their decision-making processes, actions, and omissions, and put redress mechanisms in place. c. category Sociologist Amitai Etzioni classified formal organizations into three categories. the organizational chart for a bureaucracy Moreover, bureaucracys focus on efficiency and technical rationality is compatible with just three of the four important values in public administration: efficiency, economy, and effectiveness. pvuuu5023 pvuuu5023 04/05/2018 History High School answered expert verified We voluntarily join __________ organizations when they can provide us with a material reward we seek. Attachment 1: The human rights based approach to development cooperation: Towards a common understanding among the UN agencies. Political action committees b. a. a greater emphasis on sharing information. A strict wall separates the sphere of the office from the realm of the family. d. cultural imperialism. Functionalists a. A corporate executive need not be able to program the department's computer system. He is refused shelter for the night because he arrived late. groupthink As the name makes clear, human rights designates individuals as rights holders. Leaders using the __________ style of leadership may be praised for their expressive, supportive behavior toward group members, but they may also be blamed for being indecisive in times of crisis. The goal is to empower individuals in being active participants in the process and creates rights, responsibilities, and concrete expectations. Maynard-Moody, S. W., and M. C. Musheno. Similarly, the use of human rights language has shown to contribute to individual empowerment and agency for underrepresented groups and foster more substantive visions of justice, provide a moral framework, and a common language to express core values of the organization with regards to equity (Ignatieff 2001). Indeed, rule bending behavior is often referred in the literature to as related to the unbureaucratic personality (Brockmann 2017; DeHart-Davis 2007). They are an example of a(n) __________. Calculate Everdeens 2015 earnings per share (EPS). c. popular culture. c. a couple with a new baby, increasing the size of the family Our family, close friends, and school- or work-related peer groups are examples of, A situation in which people disengage from social roles that have been central to their self-identity is known as, Let Quiz 3/Business - Business Communications, Criminal Justice - Crime Violence and Schools QuixDoc 2, Quiz Facts 8. The manager tries to fill in, but doesnt know how to run the drive-through intercom or broiler. Whenever the group meets, other members are easily sidetracked and Latisha is always trying to keep the group focused on the assignment. c. primary group Several ideal type characteristics informexplicitly or notsome streams of public administration research. Posted By : / forehand serve skill cues in badminton /; Under :lawrenceville school acceptance rate 2020lawrenceville school acceptance rate 2020 The manager tries to fill in but doesn't know how to run the drive-through intercom or broiler. A HRBA therefore not only strengthens the equity pillar of public administration, but has the potential to improve the other three Es as well. He is refused shelter for the night because he arrived late. discourage feelings of group superiority __________ leadership is most appropriate when the groups purpose is to complete a task or reach a particular goal. reference group Thus, there seems an implicit assumption that bureaucracy is the idealthat is, bestway to organize or understand public organizations, even though Webers ideal served as a description of typical characteristics. b. Further, research on street-level bureaucracy and administrative burdens suggests that rules may be applied or bent to both benefit or disadvantage clients. Bureaucrats may also bend rules in organizations that have norms that encourage rule deviation (Borry 2017). From Rishi's perspective, the reading group is an example of a(n) __________. Chapter 5 Questions Flashcards | Quizlet b. Relative c. democratic reference groups d. democratic, Unit 2 Review - Intro to Health Professions, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson. A lowly employee may often find it safer and easier to insist on formal compliance with the rules, rather than go the extra mile to deliver substantive service. 5.part of the movement to humanize bureaucracy includes Author: part Publish: 18 days ago Rating: 5 (703 Rating) Highest rating: 3 Lowest rating: 1 Descriptions: Bureaucracy, specific form of organization defined by complexity, division of labour, permanence, professional management, hierarchical coordination and control c. 300 Though bureaucracies are designed for efficiency, Weber also worried about the likelihood of such bureaucracies to concentrate power, reduce autonomy, and dehumanize those within it (Maley 2004; Samier 2005; Weiss 1983). A corporate executive need not be able to program the departments computer system. Appropriate emotions for a given role or situation, Answer: B. d. aggregate, Which of these sociologists applied ideal type analysis and borrowed from the field of economics to study bureaucracies? Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory. With regards to rules and red tape, one stream of research may provide an antidote to the issues brought about by bureaucracys written rules: green tape. Proctored Mid-Term Examination (Chapters 1 -5)Study Guide - Quizlet [Solved] Part of the Movement to Humanize Bureaucracy Includes the 170,000 shares of common stock currently outstanding. c. coercive b. d. category, Women with blue eyes, people who wear contact lenses, people over 7 feet tall, and college men who belong to a fraternity are each an example of a(n) __________. Indeed, no one would have blamed the PhilHealth people if they had opted to be more bureaucratic, given the ongoing high-profile inquiries into the corruption attending disbursements of public funds. Obligation to fulfill: States must take positive action to facilitate enjoyment of human rights. Modern human rights emerged in the second part of the 20th century in response to the horrors of the Second World War and the Holocaust, but find their roots in the moral concept of natural rights and philosophical debates of the European Enlightenment. Public organizations can integrate public commitments to human rights into their policies. c. conformity Latisha would be considered the __________ leader of the group. In which of these types of groups is the participation of all members crucial to the survival of the group? Soc. 1 Test # 2 Study Guide.docx - Norco College Soc. Test ", You want to develop a model to predict the taxes of houses, based on assessed value. Joaquin is continuously trying to improve group harmony and reduce the conflict in the group. Designing a bureaucratic environment with particular attention to structural inequalities and vulnerabilities leads to a more human rights-friendly environment focused on nondiscrimination and equality. c. social group d. rules and regulations, After conducting his research, Solomon Asch concluded that __________. d. takes place only in the presence of charismatic leadership, b. Otherwise, they see each other only occasionally when their paths cross between classes. But by going beyond the letter of the rules to make a judgment that no computer was capable of doing, they spelled all the difference between a living bureaucracy and an ossified one. The group meets every Wednesday to read works of literature and analyze them. Humanizing Bureaucracy: Applying the Human Rights-Based Approach to Katy is a member of the literature club in her college, but she neither accepts nor follows the values and norms of the club. d. outgroup, Susan and Mary are middle-aged women who have been neighbors for twenty-five years. c. Group conformity c. ideal type Portillo (2012) found that white men rely on their status and power more than they do rules in the course of their jobs, using rules as a last resort. the iron law of oligarchy Dyads are different from triads because c. secondary group Don't miss out on the latest news and information. c. goal displacement democratic To conclude, we argue that elements of bureaucracy require a rethinking and centering of human rights to be effective and equitable. It refocuses the discussion of outcomes on human well-being, rights, and needs and sets achievement of human rights as an objective. But merit has received some criticism, as well. Part of the movement to humanize bureaucracy includes. Though nondiscrimination protections exist in the United States, for example, via Title VII of the Civil Rights Act and the Equal Employment Opportunity Act, data consistently show that those from underrepresented populations remain underrepresented in government employment. Pugh, D. S., D. J. Hickson, C. R. Hinings, and C. Turner. c. is relatively uncommon Mention the word bureaucracy, and people are likely to take it as a detested term for long delays, inefficiency, clerical ineptness, petty arrogance, and lack of empathy. Notably, equal treatment is not the same as equitable treatment. SOLUTION: GED 216 California Coast University The Context of Social b. d. friends going out to dinner together, b. teachers in a school district who work together to demand better wages, __________ needs are met by opportunities of self-expression and support from family, friends, and peers. It also does not consider indirect or systemic discrimination, which is often at the core deciding access and participation. The social psychological model of red tape informs us that employees who feel alienated from the workplace will report higher levels of red tape (Pandey and Kingsley 2000). a. there was a movement to humanize bureaucracy (to establish an . This may limit access to the HRBA principles of empowerment, participation, and access. b. a. Explain elasticity of demand in your own words. Achieving equity in public organizations entails not only acknowledging existing inequalities and issues, but also active engagement toward a more equitable bureaucratic structure and addressing underlying structural conditions, such as education, living standards, and employment access. Therefore, the bureaucratic emphasis on merit and neutrality may not be consistent with HRBA principles of nondiscrimination. Public administrations values include equity, one that deserves equal standing alongside efficiency, economy, and effectiveness. a. b. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide, This PDF is available to Subscribers Only. What term do sociologist use to refer to an earned social status? But the very same reasons that make it work as a solution to complexity also tend to be the causes behind its classic dysfunctions. The rules do not always provide quick and precise guides for dealing with every actual case. They are responsible for the observance of human rights. 108 A homeless man appears at the door of a shelter 10 - Course Hero Another example includes bureaucracys emphasis on merit as a driving factor, which not only relates to hiring and retention practices, but also, by extension, organizational performance. __________ is the term for the process by which members of a cohesive group arrive at a decision that many individual members privately believe is unwise. Sociologists term this awareness __________. Borry, E. L., H. Getha-Taylor, and M. H. Holmes. Together, these bureaucratic characteristics can limit ones ability to participate in organizational decision making by first, limiting the scope of their organizational knowledge to their specialization, and second, removing (or never providing) decision-making power from them in favor of a small few at the top. social boundaries _____________ social control takes place through the socialization process. The bureaucratic tendency toward rule by the few is termed __________, Examples of include the AFL-CIO (representing the majority of labor unions) and citizens' groups such as the American Conservative Union and Zero Population Growth, The extensive infusion of one nation's culture into other nations is referred to as: Which type of theorist is most likely to note the scripted nature of interaction in contemporary society. A. socialization is essential for normal human development. rationality in Sociology. Sociologist __________ coined the terms ingroup and outgroup to describe people's feelings toward members of their own and other groups. ______ leadership provides emotional support for members. Several employees at a fast-food restaurant call in sick at the last minute. We first situate these characteristics in the modern context, before considering them through the lens of the HRBA. part of the movement to humanize bureaucracy includesclove cigarettes online. Over time, the emphasis has instead been on fair and equal treatment of those within the system: the understanding of what a merit-based system represents is shifting from a political context to a legal and social one, defining how employees are to be treated in public organizations (p. 1123). Despite the goal of consistent behaviorand perhaps leading to decreased individual power and autonomyresearch shows that rules are not strictly and blindly followed. Sociology Chapter 5 Flashcards | Chegg.com Wright Mills b. b. Indeed, managers who are unwilling to delegate impede employee participation in decision making and goal setting and restrict information flow (Pandey and Rainey 2006) (Kaufmann et al. a. CEOs. ingroup Compliance with red tape can have some negative outcomes on both individual and organizational performance. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. From a ________ perspective, schools are responsible for teaching students to be productive members of society. formal group Over time, merit became the basis for hiring and promotion in the US federal government, solidified further by the Civil Service Reform Act (CSRA) of 1978. 2020, 1). Strengths and weaknesses in a human rights-based approach to international developmentAn analysis of a rights-based approach to development assistance based on practical experiences. During her last semester, she has been using graduate sociology student papers as standards in evaluating her own writing skills. a. Today, bureaucracy theory still informs how public administration articulates and understands organizations in the public sector. People are most likely to feel empathy towards members of their in-group, but not towards members of their out-group, even when groups are assigned arbitrarily. Bureaucracy is a way of managing the affairs of a complex society. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. b. teachers in a school district who work together to demand better wages Borry and Getha-Taylor (2019) find that those most at risk for layoffs as a result of their jobs becoming automated are women and people of color (making organizations more male and more white). Most applicable in this regard are the measures presented in Art. Sociology EXAM 2 Flashcards | Quizlet The human relations movement cared about the treatment of employees, identifying more social elements of the workplace that can influence their productivity. 1968), and organizations with more written rules are considered to be more formalized than those with fewer written rules. The teacher is using a(n) _________ leadership style. a. In this case, 100 refers to the Senates ___________ size. Learning In some ways, human rights are used as a scaffolding to evaluate processes and institutions and to refocus on justice and equity on the basis of the UDHR (ODI 1999). 450 may be more common than most people would like to believe, Sociologists refer to the process of maintaining or changing behavior to comply with the norms established by a society, subculture, or other group as __________. D. putting the needs of the organization above competing responsibilities. Max Weber and the iron cage of technology, Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, Cops, teachers, counselors: Stories from the front lines of public service, Gender, representative bureaucracy, and law enforcement: The case of sexual assault. d. Irving Janis, Which of these is not likely to constitute a reference group for a person who strongly believes in the value of human rights and equal opportunity? Freedom of association needs to be granted for participation to be successful. Cooley coined the term __________ for a larger, more specialized group in which the members engage in impersonal, goal-oriented relationships for a limited period of time. The U.S. Senate consists of 100 members. Sociology Chapter 5 Questions Flashcards | Quizlet Please try again. cooperative They talk daily about each other's grandchildren, share grocery shopping trips, and offer each other advice. Rules, whether they are considered red tape or not, also lead to rule behaviors. The economic results of cooperatives have been mixed; some are more profitable than private organizations, some are less. __________ leadership is most appropriate when the group is dealing with emotional issues, and when harmony, solidarity, and high morale are needed. For example, we focused largely on five of the six characteristics of bureaucracy and followed them up with just a few relevant streams of research. In addition, organizational formalization need not have negative impacts on employee well-being. Discrimination of any kind, such as that based on race, color, sex, ethnicity, age, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, disability, property, birth or other status is therefore prohibited. d. traditional, A(n) __________ is an alliance created in an attempt to reach a shared objective or goal. The pursuit of social equity in the federal government: A road less traveled? Though equity was established as important E post-Minnowbrook in 1968, and in 2005, was declared the fourth pillar of public administration by NAPA, it has yet to obtain equal status as the other three values (Norman-Major 2011). A) a more rigid hierarchical structure B) a greater emphasis on sharing information C) helping employees focus on work D) a reduction in the amount of informal activity d. the size of the group has little influence on the extent to which individuals respond to group pressure, b. This is one of the primary reasons for the emergence of __________, Broad categories of __________ include banking, business, education, energy, the environment, health, labor, persons with a disability, religious groups, retired persons, women, and those espousing a specific ideological viewpoint. b. Group conformity b. d. Groupthink, Social psychologist __________ examined group decision making among political experts and found that major blunders in U.S. history may be attributed to pressure toward group conformity. monarchy a. the CEO or other person who comes to be associated with a bureaucratic organization b. the image a bureaucracy presents to the media c.an employee who is more concerned with following the rules than getting the job done d. employees' interaction with each other while at work c. Literature on rules provide evidence that rules can impact individuals in different waysred tape can have detrimental effects on employee well-being, and rule behaviors can vary, creating potential inconsistencies for bureaucracies, employees, and even clients. While a HRBA might require major rethinking of processes and might come at the expense of some efficiency, at least in the short run, long-term impact and investment in equity will lead to a more inclusive and equitable environment, countering bureaucracies tendency toward domination and dehumanization. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. The informal structure has also been called ____ ___ b/c it includes the ideology and practices of workers on the job. subjects chose to conform to the incorrect responses of Asch's assistants about onethird (33 percent) of the time, __________ suggest that groups involve unequal power relationships so that not all members of a group are not equally likely to have their needs met. Your subscription could not be saved. 2 UDHR). Transitional It also serves to empower individuals to shape their own affairs through the right to political participation or access public services equally (Art. Part of the movement to humanize bureaucracy includes _____. This was a concern of the human relations movement and the likes of Follett, Mayo, and McGregor. a. significant others A bureaucracy may be inefficient, resistant to change, and a vehicle for perpetuating class, race, and . are frequent within bureaucracy, this is an example of __________. Sociology Exam 2 (Ch. a. trained incapacity Whereas Weber sought to describe characteristics of bureaucracy and, arguably, how to make it most efficient, these others sought to understand people within those organizations. secondary group The right to freedom of speech, for example, limits the ability of the state to regulate personal opinion or interfere in private matters. 16. A kind word for Theory X: Or why so many newfangled management techniques quickly fail. American Civil Liberties Union All human rights are interrelated as the realization of one right often depends, wholly or in part, upon the realization of others. To many __________, groups and organizations are generally characterized by superficiality and depthlessness in social relationships. Easy Quiz 2. (Hint: First determine which are the independent and dependent variables.). Joe would be considered the __________ leader of the group. The discovery of feral children is important because they show the relevance of: The ______ is the most important agent of socialization in all societies. b. Equity is defined by the National Academic of Public Administration (NAPA) as the fair, just and equitable management of all institutions serving the public directly or by contract, and the fair and equitable distribution of public services, and implementation of public policy, and the commitment to promote fairness, justice, and equity in the formation of public policy (Guy and McCandless 2020, 2). Broadly, rules, when they beget compliance, lead to consistent behavior by those in the organization. Part of the movement to humanize bureaucracy includes? For both Mayo and McGregor, productivity lay in employees who are motivated, and motivation stems not from formal organizational structure, managerial orders, or written rules, but instead, from feeling part of something bigger and having control over their work. __________ needs cannot always be met by one person, so being in a group enables one to complete, 7. the image a bureaucracy presents to the media Brainscape helps you realize your greatest personal and professional ambitions through strong habits and hyper-efficient studying. Why is bureaucracy a necessary part of management in most formal organizations? d. Expressive Applying the terms for problems that are frequent. 1968), can thus reduce employees decision-making power. She, however, follows the norms and values portrayed by the members of her college sorority because she wants to become a member of the sorority. But rule bending may also be related to power. Though writing around the same time as Weber, Mary Parker Follett took employee psychology into account and advocated for organizations to enjoy power with rather than power over its employees (Shafrtiz and Hyde 2012, 12).